PENGARUH FORMULA TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM-MIKORIZA DAN PUPUK INORGANIK TERHADAP SERANGAN FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM PADA TANAMAN JAHE MUDA

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian mengetahui pengaruh formula T. harzianum-mikoriza dan pupuk inorganik terhadap
serangan Fusarium oxysporum pada tanaman jahe muda. Penelitian rumah kasa, media tanah Ultisols, dan jenis
jahe gajah. Rancangan percobaan Second Order Central Composite Design (SOCCD), analisa menggunakan
metode Respons Surface Methodology (RSM). Perlakuan aplikasi: 1) formula T. harzianum-mikoriza (0, 10, 20,
30 dan 40 g/ tanaman); 2) pupuk N, P dan K (0, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% dari dosis anjuran), dan 3) dosis pupuk
daun (0; 0,75; 1,5; 2,25 dan 3,0 g/liter air). Kombinasi sebanyak 20 pot (fraksinasi), dilakukan kombinasi unit
dengan fungisida dan tanpa fungisida. Semua unit diinfestasi suspensi konidia F. oxysporum (13,41 x 106
konidia/ml). Variabel pengamatan: masa inkubasi, intensitas penyakit, kerapatan populasi T. harzianum, tinggi
tanaman, jumlah daun, dan jumlah anakan. Hasil penelitian: formula T. harzianum-mikoriza 23,97g/tan dapat
menekan penyakit layu Fusarium dan berpengaruh baik terhadap pertumbuhan jahe, disamping menekan
pemakaian pupuk N, P dan K hingga 51,12% dan pupuk daun 36,91% dari dosis anjuran. Kombinasi tersebut
memberikan masa inkubasi, intensitas penyakit, kerapatan spora per gram tanah, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun,
dan jumlah anakan per rumpun berturut-turut sebesar 65,30 hari setelah investasi Fusarium, 6,31%, 1,4x108
spora per gram tanah, 43,8 cm, 14,76 helai dan 17,24 anakan pada tanaman umur 9 minggu, percobaan tanpa
fungisida. Formula Trichoderma harzianum-mikoriza hasil penelitian ini bisa digunakan sebagai alternatif
fungisida dan pupuk sintetis, yang mudah diaplikasikan oleh petani, setelah dilakukan pengujian lapang.
Kata kunci: jahe, Trichoderma harzianum, mikoriza, pupuk sintetis

ABSTRACT
The study objective was to know the effect of Trichoderma harzianum-Mycorrhizal-fungi formula and
synthetic fertilizer, used on Fusarium oxysporum growth. Pot experiment was conducted in screen house with
Ultisols as media, to grow Elephant ginger. The SOCCD (Second Order Central Composite Design), and
Response Surface Method (RSM) were employed. Application of formula T. harzianum-mycorrhizal (0%, 25%,
50%, 75%, 100%), reduction of fertilizer N, P and K (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100) and doses of fertilizer through
leaf (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100) were tested. There was fractionation way which produced 20 combinations,
where then combined with and without fungicide application. All units then invested with pathogen F.
oxysporum (13,41x106konidia/ml). The variables measured: period of initial symptom, disease intensity, final
population density of T. harzianum, plant height, leaf number, and number of tillers. The results showed: dosage
formula T. harzianum-mycorrhizae 23.97 g per plant was able to suppress Fusarium wilt disease and it
improved growth of ginger and reduce fertilizer dose. The formula without fungicide gave: incubation period,
disease intensity, spores density/g of soil, plant height, leaf number, and tillers number/hill, that was,
respectively in the order, 30 days after Fusarium investment, 6.31%, 1.4 x108 spores/g of soil, 43.8 cm, 14.76
pieces, and 17.24 strands of saplings in 9 weeks old plants. Formula of T. harzianum-mycorrhizal was
concluded to be used as fungicides and synthetic fertilizers, which easily be applied by the farmer, and can be
used after field testing.
Key words: ginger, Trichoderma harzianum, mycorrhizae, synthetic fertilizer