KERAGAAN FENOTIP DAN BEBERAPA PARAMETER GENETIK HASIL DAN KARAKTER AGRONOMI ENAM PADI HIBRIDA DI LAHAN KERING MASAM

Bambang Sutaryo, Tri Sudaryono

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengevaluasi keragaan parameter fenotip dan genetik hasil serta karakter
agronomi dari enam padi hibrida di lahan masam Jasinga, Jawa Barat, selama musim kemarau (MK), dari bulan
April hingga Agustus 2008. Enam padi hibrida yaitu IR58025A/Kapuas, IR68885A/Kapoas,
IR58025A/Mendawak, IR68885A/Batanghari, IR58025A/Inderagiri, IRS 8025A/Lambur dan varietas pembanding
lokal Hawara Bunar dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa hasil gabah empat padi hibrida yaitu IRS8025A/Kapuas (6,8 t/ha), IR68885A/Kapuas (6,6
t/ha), IRS 8025A/Mendawak (6,6 t/ha) dan IR68885A/Batanghari (6,4 t/ha) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan
varietas kontrol Hawara Bunar (4,9 t/ha). Nilai variabilitas genetik yang luas terdapat pada hasil gabah (0,12),
umur tanaman (16,34), tinggi tanaman (20,48), jumlah anakan produktif per rumpun (5,14), dan jumlah gabah isi per
malai (41,37). Nilai duga heritabilitas tinggi terdapat pada hasil gabah (0,92), umur tanaman (0,68), tinggi tanaman
(0,63), jumlah anakan produktif (0,95) dan jumlah gabah isi per malai (0,95). Korelasi genetik dan korelasi fenotip
positif nyata antara hasil gabah dengan jumlah gabah isi per malai (0,05*), umur tanaman (0,25*), tinggi
tanaman (0,12*), dan jumlah anakan produktif per rumpun (0,07*).
Kata kunci : keragaan fenotip, genetik, agronomi, padi hibrida, lahan kering masam

 

ABSTRACT
The objective of the experiment was to evaluate phenotypic performance and genetic parameters of yield
and agronomic traits of six hybrids rice at acidic dryland in Jasinga, West Java, during dry season of
April-August 2008. Six hybrids rice such as IR58025A/Kapuas, IR68885A/Kapuas, IRS 8025 A/Mendawak,
IR68885A/Batanghari, IR58025A/Inderagiri, IRS8025A/Lambur and Hawara Bunar (control) were designed by
using Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications. The results showed that yield of four hybrids
rice namely IRS8025A/Kapuas (6.81 ha"1), IR68885A/Kapuas (6.61 ha"1 ), IRS8025A/Mendawak (6.6 t ha"1) and
IR68885A/Batanghari (6.4 t ha"1) were higher than that of Hawara Bunar (4.9 t ha"1). Broad genetic variabilities
were found for grain yield (0.12), plant maturity (16.34), plant height (20.48), number of productive tiller per hill
(5.14), and filled grain per panicle (41.37). High heritability estimate was found for grain yield (0.92), plant
maturity (0.68), plant height (0.63), number of productive tiller per hill (0.95), and filled grain per panicle (0.95).
Genetic and phenotypic correlation was found positive and significant between grain yield and filled grain per
panicle (0.05*), plant maturity (0,25*), plant height (0.12*), and productive tiller per hill (0.07*).
Key words: phenotypic, genetic, agronomic traits, hybrid rice, acidic dryland

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