KIAT USAHA PENGRAJIN TEMPE DAN BURUH PEREMPUANNYA AKIBAT KENAIKAN HARGA KEDELAI DI KECAMATAN KEMBARAN KABUPATEN BANYUMAS

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1). Usaha yang dilakukan pengrajin tempe dan buruh
perempuannya akibat kenaikan harga kedelai di Desa Pliken Kecamatan Kembaran. 2). Tingkat penyerapan
tenaga kerja buruh perempuan dan upah yang diterima pada pengrajin tempe di Desa Pliken kecamatan
Kembaran. 3).Harga pokok produksi per unit industri tempe dan harga faktor produksi yang digunakan di Desa
Pliken Kecamatan Kembaran akibat kenaikan harga kedelai. 4). Biaya dan pendapatan usaha industri tempe di
Desa Pliken Kecamatan Kembaran akibat kenaikan harga kedelai. Metode dasar dalam penelitian ini adalah
metode survai. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Pliken Kecamatan Kembaran, Kabupaten Banyumas. Unit sampling
yang diambil adalah pengrajin tempe dan buruh wanitanya. Pengambilan sampel pengrajin tempe dilakukan
dengan metode Simple Random Sampling diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 31 pengrajin tempe. Hasil
penelitian menunjukan bahwa akibat kenaikan harga kedelai pengrajin tetap menjual tempe dengan harga yang
sama tetapi ukuran tempe diperkecil atau mengurangi isi per bungkus; sebagian pengrajin menggunakan
campuran singkong; mengurangi jumlah jam tenaga kerja luar keluarga; menaikkan harga jual tempe. 70 persen
buruh wanita masih bekerja sebagai pembungkus tempe dan 30 persen menambah pekerjaan lain sebagai buruh
tani atau berdagang. Upah tenaga kerja dihitung dengan satuan HOK, rata-rata kerja 4 jam/hari. Buruh wanita
yang bekerja pada tiap pengrajin rata rata 3 orang, denga memperoleh upah rata-rata Rp6000,00 /hari. Harga
pokok produksi variabel per proses produksi sebesar Rp4.608.000,00. Penerimaan per proses produksi sebesar
Rp12.972.602,00 harga pokok produksi variabel selama bulan Juni 2008 sebesar Rp58.490.000,00. Penerimaan
selama bulan Juni 2008 Rp379.188.060,00. Harga pokok produksi per unit tidak dapat diketahui karena bentuk
produk tempe yang beragam, sampai 18 bentuk kemasan, namun harga rata-rata keseluruhan sebesar Rp263,00
per unit. Rata-rata pendapatan pengrajin Rp225.061,00 per proses produksi. Rata-rata pendapatan selama bulan
Juni 2008 sebanyak Rp6.643.877,00.
Kata kunci: pengrajin tempe, buruh wanita, kenaikan harga kedelai

 

 

ABSTRACT
This research intent to: 1 ). Effort that done by tempe's worker and its female labor and its effort after
effect of increase of price soybean at Kembaran's district. 2 ). Increase labors laboring absorption female and
accepted pay on tempe's worker at Pliken Village Kembaran District. 3 ). Cost of goods manufacture per
tempe's industrial unit and production factor price that is utilized at Kembaran's District after effect of increase
of price soybean. 4 ). Cost and tempe's industry operating revenues Kembaran's District after effect of increase
of price soybean. Basic method in observational it is methodic survai. Research is done at Pliken Village
Kembaran District, Banyumas Regency. Sampling unit that is taken is producer tempe and its woman labour.
Farmer sample take did by method Simple Random is Sampling gotten total sample as much 31 tempe's worker.
Observational result that Effort that done by tempe's worker and its effort after effect of increase of price
soybean is fixed sells at the price same but size tempe is minimized or reduces content per packages tempe;
partly worker utilizes cassava mixture; reduce total fieldwork energy hour family; raising tempe's sell price.
Female labor tempe 70 percent, still working as tempe's packer and 30 percent adds other works as field hand
or seller. Labor pay to be accounted by man days, with averagely job 4 hours / days. Working woman labor
on every producer average 3 person, averagely get Rp6000,00. Variable cost of goods manufacture per
processes as big as Rp 4.608.000,00. Acceptance per production process as big as Rp12.972.602,00 variable
Cost Of Goods Manufacture up to month of June 2008 as big as Rp 58.490.000,00. Acceptance up to month of
June 2008 Rp379.188.060,00. Cost of goods manufacture per unknowledgeable unit because tempe's product
form that medley, until 18 pack forms, but overall average cost as big as Rp263,00 about unit. Averagely
propertied producer Rp225.061,00 about production process. Averagely propertied up to month of June 2008 as
much Rp6.643.877,00.
Key word : tempe′s worker, women labour, dan increase of price soybean