KARAKTERISASI SIFAT-SIFAT AGRONOMI BEBERAPA NOMOR KOLEKSI SUMBERDAYA GENETIK JAGUNG SULAWESI

Abstract

Plasma nutfah tanaman mempunyai peranan penting dalam perakitan varitas tanaman unggul karena
peranannya dalam memberikan keragaman genetik. Salah satu masalah utama yang sering dihadapi adalah
cepatnya penurunan viabilitas benih, terutama bila kondisi penyimpanan koleksi benih yang tepat dan
optimal tidak tersedia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk meremajakan dan mengkarakterisasi koleksi plasma
nutfah jagung asal Sulawesi Tenggara (Sultra) and Sulawesi Tengah (Sulteng). Tujuh belas genotype jagung
asal Sultra dan 2 genotipe jagung asal Sulteng di tanam di lapang dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan
tiga ulangan. Sembilan dari 17 genotipe Jagung Sultra hampir kehilangan viabilitasnya. Delapan genotype
jagung Sultra yang lain, dan dua genotype jagung Sulteng, tumbuh baik dan memproduksi cukup benih.
Analisa data menunjukkan bahwa semua sifat kuantitatif yang diamati memiliki distribusi platikurtik
(mendatar) dengan koefisien keragaman bervariasi antara 3.9% sampai 25.3%. Sifat-sifat ini (kecuali untuk
sifat tinggi tongkol utama dan panjang malai) mempunyai kurva yang positif. Ini menandakan bahwa
populasi jagung tersebut didominasi oleh rata-rata individu yang lebih rendah dibanding rata-rata populasi.
Analisa data juga menunjukkan bahwa kesepuluh genotipe jagung tersebut mempunyai keragaman sifat-sifat
kuantitatif yang cukup tinggi.
Kata kunci: plasma nutfah jagung, karakterisasi sifat-sifat agronomi, keragaman

 

ABSTRACT
Plant germplasm plays an important rule in creating improved plant varieties, because it provides
genetic variability. One major problem that has always been encountered is a rapid decrease in seed
viability, especially if an appropriate and optimal storage condition of germplasm (seed) collections is not
available. The experiment was conducted to rejuvenate and characterize the collection of maize germplasm
from Southeast (SS) and Central Sulawesi (CS). Seventeen maize genotypes from SS and two genotypes
from CS were field-planted in a RCB design, with three replications. Nine out of the 17 genotypes from SS
had almost lost their viabilities and could not grow well. The other 8 genotypes and the 2 genotypes from CS
grew well and produced enough seeds. Data analyses showed that all observed quantitative characters had a
flat, platicurtic distribution with CV ranging from 3.9% to 25.3%. Except for the “TTP (first-ear height) and
PMA (length of peduncle)â€, the characters had positive curves. This means that the maize population was
dominated by individual means lower than population means. The data also showed that the-10 maize
germplasm had a quite high variability of their quantitative characters.
Key words: maize germplasm, agronomic characterization, variability.