KOMPONEN BUAH DAN FITOKIMIA DAGING BUAH KELAPA GENJAH

Juniaty Towaha, Gusti Indriati, Rusli Rusli

Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari komponen dan fitokimia daging buah dari delapan
kultivar kelapa Genjah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Instalasi Penelitian Kelapa (Inlitka) Pakuwon,
Parungkuda, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Kultivar yang dipergunakan adalah: Genjah Hijau Jombang
(GHJ), Genjah Hijau Nias (GHN), Genjah Kuning Bali (GKB), Genjah Kuning Jombang (GKJ),
Genjah Raja (GRA), Genjah Salak (GSK), Genjah Kuning Nias (GKN) dan Genjah Kuning Malaysia
(GKM). Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 8 perlakuan dan 3
ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah komponen buah meliputi: bobot (buah, sabut, air, tempurung,
daging buah, kopra), tebal daging buah dan fitokimia daging buah, kadar (air, protein, lemak, serat
kasar dan asam lemak bebas). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komponen buah dan fitokimia daging
buah kelapa kultivar genjah berbeda nyata. Bobot (buah, sabut, daging) dan tebal daging buah
tertinggi diperoleh pada kultivar GKM. Bobot air dan tempurung tertinggi diperoleh pada GSK. Kadar
air terendah 44,7% diperoleh pada kultivar GKM, kadar protein dan lemak tinggi masing-masing
8,84% dan 65,72% ditunjukkan oleh kultivar GHN. Kadar serat kasar tertinggi pada kultivar GKB
21,69% dan asam lemak bebas terendah pada kultivar GSK 0,02%.
Kata kunci: kelapa, komponen, buah, daging buah

 

ABSTRACT
The objectives of this research were to study the fruit component and phytochemical endosperm of dwarf
coconut from eight cultivars. This research was conducted at installation research og coconut (Inlitka) in
Pakuwon, Parungkuda, Sukabumi, West Java. The cultivars used were: Genjah Hijau Jombang (GHJ), Genjah
Hijau Nias (GHN), Genjah Kuning Bali (GKB), Genjah Kuning Jombang (GKJ), Genjah Raja (GRA), Genjah
Salak (GSK), Genjah Kuning Nias (GKN), and Genjah Kuning Malasia (GKM). Research design used complete
randomized design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The observed variables were weight fruit component
(fruit, coconut fiber, waters, coconut shell, endosperm and copra), thickness and phytochemical of endosperm
contens (water, protein, lipid, coarse fiber and free fatty acid). The result showed that fruit component and
endosperm phytochemical were vary significantly. The highest weight of fruit, fiber, endosperm and endosperm
thickness obtained from GKM. The highest weight of water and shell obtained from GSK. The lowest weight of
water, i.e. 44.7% obtained from GKM. The highest content of protein and lipid for 8.84% and 65.72% obtained
from GHN. The highest coarse fiber obtained from GKB, i.e. 21.69% and the lowest free fatty acid obtained
from GSK, i.e. 0.02%
Key words: Cocos nucifera, component, fruit, endosperm

 

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