PEWARISAN SIFAT PANJANG POLONG PADA PERSILANGAN BUNCIS TEGAK (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) KULTIVAR FLO DAN KULTIVAR RICH GREEN

Abstract

Persilangan buncis kultivar FLO yang mempunyai hasil rendah dan kultivar Rich Green yang mempunyai
hasil tinggi telah dilakukan di Wonogiri , Jawa Tengah dan Lembang, Jawa Barat sejak bulan September 2002
sampai bulan November 2004. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari pewarisan sifat panjang polong.
Parameter yang diamati adalah panjang polong. Penelitian dilakukan tiga tahap : (1). Pembentukan F1 yaitu
persilangan antara FLO (P1) dengan Rich Green (P2) dan persilangan resiproknya (F1r). (2). Pembentukan F2
yaitu dari F1 yang diselfing, pembentukan BC11 yang merupakan persilangan antara F1 dengan P1 dan
pembentukan BC12 yaitu persilangan dari F1 dengan P2. (3). Evaluasi P1, P2, F1, F2, BC11 dan BC12. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat panjang polong diwariskan secara kuantitatif, dikendalikan oleh banyak gen
(poligenik). Nilai duga heritabilitasnya tergolong tinggi dan nilai duga kemajuan genetiknya cukup tinggi. Tidak
terdapat pengaruh tetua betina dalam pewarisan sifat panjang polong, Sifat panjang polong dikendalikan oleh
gen-gen di dalam inti.
Kakta kunci: buncis, pewarisan sifat, panjang polong, heritabilitas, kemajuan genetik

ABSTRACT
Crossing of beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L ) between FLO Cultivar that have law yield and Rich Green
cultivar that have high yield has been done at Wonogiri , Central Java and at Lembang, West Java since
September 2002 to November 2004. The objective of research was to study the inheritance of pod length .
Parameters observed was pod length. The research was done in three stages : (1). Establishment of F1 from
crossing between FLO (P1) and Rich Green (P2) and its reciprocal crossing (F1r). (2). Establishment F2 from
selfing of F1. BC11 was made from crossing between F1 with P1 and BC12 was made between crossing F1 and
P2. (3). Evaluation of P1, P2, F1, F1r,F2, BC11 and BC12. Result of the research showed that Pod length
character was inherited quantitatively , it was controlled by many genes. The heritability estimate of pod length
character was categorized of high and the expected genetic advance was rather high. There was no mathernal
effect in inheritance of pod length character. The character of pod length was controlled by the nuclear genes.
Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris,Inheritance, pod length, heritability, genetic advance